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| 1804 |
| | | Meriwether Lewis and William Clark set off from St Louis to explore up the Missouri river and west to the coast | |
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| 1805 |
| | | Lewis and Clark make their way through the Rockies and reach the Pacific | |
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| 1806 |
| | | Lewis and Clark get back to St Louis with a wealth of information about the unopened west of the continent | |
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| 1830 |
| | | Richard Lander and his brother John explore the lower reaches of the Niger, proving that the great river is navigable | |
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| 1831 |
| | | HMS Beagle sails from Plymouth to survey the coasts of the southern hemisphere, with Charles Darwin as the expedition's naturalist | |
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| 1832 |
| | | The paddle steamer Alburkah becomes the first ocean-going iron ship, completing the journey from England to the Niger | |
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| 1836 |
| | | HMS Beagle reaches Falmouth, in Cornwall, after a voyage of five years, and Charles Darwin brings with him a valuable collection of specimens | |
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| 1838 |
| | | US naval officer Charles Wilkes leads a four-year exploration of the Antarctic and Pacific, proving on the way that Antarctica is a continent | |
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| 1845 |
| | | English naval officer John Franklin sets off with two ships, Erebus and Terror, to search for the Northwest Passage | |
|  | Carmichael HMS Erebus and Terror in the Arctic (detail)
National Maritime Museum
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| 1853 |
| | | David Livingstone makes a heroic six-month journey from the Zambezi river to the west coast of Africa | |
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